六年级英语上册期末专项训练——语法考点梳理+对点训练

一、规则动词的一般过去式

    1.大部分动词直接在词尾加-ed。 例如：point—pointed, clean—cleaned

    2.以不发音的e结尾的动词，在词尾加-d。 例如：live—lived, move—moved

3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应先将y改为i再加-ed。 例如：study—studied，cry—cried

4.以元音字母加y结尾的动词直接在词尾加-ed。 例如：play—played, stay—stayed

5.以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词要双写最后一个字母，再加-ed。

  例如：plan—planned, stop—stopped

典例1：My grandmother often _________ (chat) with me when I was young. 【易错题】

      解析：题中“when I was young”意为“当我年轻时”,是表示过去的时间状语，故chat也用过去式，动词chat的一般过去式变化规则符合上述第5点，应双写t，再加-ed。

练习1：用所给词的适当形式填空。

(1)   Long, long ago, a lion _________ (live) in the forest.

(2)   I _______ (show) the picture to my sister and she was happy.

(3)   Mike _________ (study) English with Helen yesterday afternoon.

(4)   The man ________ (turn) into a lion at last.

(5)   One day, Mr Black ________ (walk) by the small house.

(6)   They ________ (play) football together last Sunday.

二、each与every的区别

each强调个别，有“各自”的含义；every强调整体，有“所有人”的含义。

典例2：Each boy _________ (fly) a kite at weekends.

解析：each boy是第三人称单数，at weekends表明时态是一般现在时，故谓语动词用flies。

练习2：根据中文提示补全句子。

我们每天骑自行车上学。We go to school ________ bike ________ ________.

三、一般过去时的用法

1.常用的时间状语有last…, just now, yesterday, this morning等。

2.两种类型：(1)be动词型：把am, is改成was，把are改成were。

           (2)实义动词型：把实义动词改成过去式。

练习3：用所给词的适当形式填空。

(1)   Mike and his sister ________ (be) in Japan last year.

(2)   I _______ (be) ten years old six years ago.

(3)   He ________ (not be) at school yesterday.[来源:Z。xx。k.Com]

(4)   Thirty years ago, Lily ________ (be) a little girl. Now she ________ (be) a woman.

(5)   I _______ (stay) at home yesterday.

练习4：按要求完成句子。

(1)   The teacher is listening to music now. (改为一般过去时)

The teacher ________ to music yesterday.

(2)   The doctor was in the park this morning. (改为复数句)

These ________ ________ in the park this morning.

四、what引导的感叹句

1.当what后接可数名词单数时，其结构为“What + a/an+形容词+名词！”。

2.当what后接复数名词或不可数名词时，其结构为“What+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词！”。

练习5：根据中文提示补全句子

 (1)多么令人激动的比赛啊！_______ _______ ________ match!

(2)多么漂亮的衣服啊！  _______ _______ clothes!

五、天气类形容词的用法

1.形容词可以修饰名词，一般放在名词的前面。

2.形容词用于系动词的后面，用来说明主语的特征。

3.表示天气的形容词一般由其对应的名词或动词变化而来。一般情况下直接在后面加-y。但sunny是由sun双写n再加-y。

练习6：用所给词的适当形式填空。

(1)   It was ________ (rain) yesterday.  【易错题】

(2)   The ________ is shining. It is a ________ day today. (sun)

(3)   It is ________ outside now. It is ________ this spring. (rain)

(4)   The weather is ________ (cloud) and ________ (wind).

(5)   It is not ________ today. But it _________ yesterday evening. (rain)

(6)   The weather became _________. There were some black ________. (cloud)

六、动词过去式的不规则变化

有些动词的过去式是不规则的。如：fly—flew, read—read, draw—drew, give—gave, do—did, go—went, have—had, drink—drank, sit—sat, swim—swam, sing—sang, run—ran, get—got, put—put, write—wrote, eat—ate, see—saw, tell—told, buy—bought, take—took等。

练习7：写出下列单词的过去式。

(1)   catch __________        (2)meet ___________        (3)bring ____________

(4)become_________        (5)teach___________        (6)know____________

(7)say____________         (8)can____________        (9)like_____________

(10)make_________         (11)wear__________         (12)find___________[来源:学*科*网]

练习8：用所给词的适当形式填空。

(1)   I ________ (go) to Shanghai last week. 

(2)   Mrs Smith _________ (wear) a beautiful dress last night.

(3)   She ________ (read) an email on the Internet yesterday.

(4)   We ________ (watch) a film last Sunday evening.

(5)   Nancy ________ (come) to my home and _________ (bring) me some pears last week.

(6)   We ________ (eat) lots of nice food there last Sunday.[来源:学。科。网Z。X。X。K]

七、there be句型在一般过去时中的用法

1.was为is的过去式，其后接可数名词的单数形式或不可数名词。

2.were为are的过去式，其后接可数名词的复数形式。

易错点提醒：1.在否定句中，some需要改成any。2.there be句型遵循“就近原则”。

练习9：用be动词的适当形式填空。

(1)There ________ (be) a lot of forests in the city long long ago.

(2)There ________ (be) many people in the park yesterday.

(3)Many years ago, there ________ (be) a tiger and three rabbits.

(4)Before there ________ (be) no computers in my old school.

(5)There ________ (be) some apple juice in these glasses twenty minutes ago.

(6)There ________ (be) a heavy rain last night.

练习10：按要求完成句子。

(1)   There are many parrots in the zoo now. (用last year改写句子)

There ________ many parrots in the zoo ________ ________.

(2)   There were some apples on the tree. (改为否定句)   【易错题】

There ________ ________ apples on the tree.

八、What happened?

“What happened?”是用来询问发生了什么事情的常用语，还可以用“What’s the matter?”来询问。

典例3：同义句转换。

What happened, Liu Tao?

What’s ________ ________ _________ you, Liu Tao?

解析：“What happened?”的同义句是“What’s the matter?”。当询问某人发生了什么事时，需在句子后加介词with。

九、实义动词过去式的一般疑问句

实义动词过去式的一般疑问句结构为：Did+主语+动词原形+其他？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语+did.       

否定回答：No, 主语+didn’t.

练习11：按要求完成句子。

(1)   My father went fishing yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)

_________ ________ father ________ fishing yesterday?

(2)   We flew kites in the park last weekend. (改为一般疑问句，并做否定回答)

_________ you ________ ________ in the park last weekend?

_________, we ________.

(3)I caught some fish. (改为一般疑问句)   【易错题】

________ you ________ ________ fish?

(4)Helen invited many friends to her birthday party. (改为一般疑问句，并做肯定回答)

________ Helen ________ many friends ________ her birthday party?

________, ________ ________.

十、实义动词过去式的特殊疑问句[来源:学科网]

实义动词过去式的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？

练习12：单项选择。

 (    )(1)_______ you go last night?

       A. Where did                B. Where were          C. What did

 (    )(2)What _______ you do there?

       A. was                     B. did                 C. were

 (    )(3)—What did you _______ for the party last summer?   【易错题】

         —I _______ a red dress.

       A. wore; wear               B. wore; wore           C. wear; wore

 (    )(4)—Where _______ Sam and Tina go just now?

         —They _______ to the park.

A. do; go                   B. did; go              C. did; went

 (    )(5)—_______ did you do last week?  —I watered flowers.

       A. What                    B. Where               C. When

练习13：给下列句子选择正确的答语。

 (    )(1)What did you do last night?            A. My uncle lived there.

(    )(2)Where is Kunming?                  B. I watched TV at home.

(    )(3)How did you go there?                C. It’s in the south of China.

(    )(4)Who lived in that big house?           D. I went there by bike.

十一、be动词过去式的特殊疑问句

be动词过去式的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他？

练习14：单项选择。

 (    )(1)Where _______ Kitty and Betty yesterday afternoon?

       A. did                     B. were                C. are

 (    )(2)—Where ________ you two weeks ago? —I ________ in Beijing.    【易错题】

       A. was; were                B. were; was           C. are; am

 (    )(3)—________ was the party?  —It was great.

       A. How                    B. What               C. Where

 (    )(4)—_______ was he so excited yesterday? —________ yesterday was his birthday.

A. Why; So                 B. How; Because        C. Why; Because

十二、情态动词could的用法

could是can的过去式，表示“能；会”，后面接动词原形。could的各种句式如下：

1.肯定句：主语+could+动词原形+其他.

2.否定句：主语+couldn’t+动词原形+其他.

3.一般疑问句：Could+主语+动词原形+其他？

肯定回答为：Yes, …could.   否定回答为：No, …couldn’t.

4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+could/couldn’t+主语+动词原形+其他？

练习15：用所给词的适当形式填空。

(1)Before, Tom couldn’t ________ (ride) a bike.

(2)Ten years ago, he _________ (cannot) read ________ (and) write.  【易错题】

(3)—Could you ________ (make) paper planes when you were a child?

  —Yes, I ________ (can).

(4)Five years ago, Linda could ________ (write) and ________ (draw).

练习16：按要求完成句子。

(1)I could make a sentence with this new word. (改为一般疑问句)

________ ________ make a sentence with this new word?

(2)Tina could sing and dance six years ago. (对画线部分提问)

    ________ ________ Tina ________ six years ago?

十三、also(也)和too(也)的区别

1.also用于肯定句和疑问句中，用于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。

2.too用于肯定句的句尾。

练习17：选出句中错误的一项，并在横线上改正。

(    )I like pandas. My sister too likes pandas.                       __________

       A                 B       C

练习18：选词填空。

I can swim. John can swim _________ (also / too).

十四、with的用法

1.“用……”，表示使用工具、手段等。

2.“和……在一起”，表示伴随。

3.“在……方面”。

练习19：单项选择。

 (    )(1)I played _______ table tennis ________ my father yesterday.

       A. the; and                  B. /; with              C. /; and

 (    )(2)I can help you _______ your English.

       A. about                    B. at                  C. with

 (    )(3)He writes _______ a pencil.

       A. with                     B. use                 C. on

 (    )(4)Can you make a sentence _______ the new word?

A. to                       B. with                C. for

十五、some在疑问句中的用法

some表示“一些”，它除了用于肯定句外，还能用于疑问句，它在疑问句中的用法如下：

1.用于表达请求的疑问句。

2.用于表示建议的疑问句。

练习20：单项选择。

 (    )(1)—Would you like _______ coffee? —Yes, please.

       A. a                       B. some               C. any

 (    )(2)Shall we have _______ pies for dinner?

       A. a                       B. some               C. any

十六、常见标识语的句型结构

标识语是提醒大家不要做某事的警示用语，意思是“不准……”“禁止……”或“请勿……”，多用于公共标牌或广告等。一些常见标识语的句型结构如下：

1. No+动名词.

2. No+名词复数.

     3. Don’t+动词原形.

     4. Be+形容词./名词./名词短语.

练习21：用所给词的适当形式填空。

 (1) “No ________” means we can’t ________ here. (litter)

(2) Don’t ________ here. That sign means “No ________”. (smoke)

(3) It means “No _________ (swim)”.

(4) Please ________ (not) litter here.

(5)Be ________ (care)! There’s a tiger over there.

十七、询问标识的句型

问句：What does this sign/that sign/it mean?

答语：It means+含义.

练习22：用所给词的适当形式填空。

 (1) —What ________ that sign ________(mean)?

—It ________ (mean) you can’t ________ (park) here.

(2)What ________ these signs ________ (mean)?

练习23：按要求完成句子。

 It means “No fishing”. (对画线部分提问)

_________ _________ it _________?

十八、“keep+复合宾语”的用法

keep表示“保持”，后面可以接复合宾语。“keep +sb./sth.+形容词”意指“保持某人或某物的某种状态”。

练习24：根据中文提示补全句子。

 (1)我们能做些什么来保持我们的教室干净？

________ ________ we do to ________ our classroom _______?

(2)请保持窗户开着。

    Please ________ the window _______.

十九、“make+复合宾语”的用法

make表示“使……变得”时，后面常接复合宾语。“make +sb./sth.+形容词”意指“使……变得……”。

练习25：单项选择。

 (    )(1) Smoke from cars ________ the air ________.  【易错题】

         A. make; clean            B. makes; dirty             C. making; dirty

(    )(2) —What ________ the park dirty? —Rubbish makes ________ dirty.

         A. makes; it               B. make; them             C. makes; them

二十、many, much, a lot of, lots of和a lot的区别

这几个词都表示“许多”，区别是：

1. many后面接可数名词的复数形式。

2. much后面接不可数名词。

     3. a lot of和lots of后面既可以接可数名词的复数形式，相当于many，也可以接不可数名词，相当于much。

     4. a lot后面不能接名词，但可以用来修饰动词或名词，表示程度。

练习26：单项选择。

 (    )(1) Sam has _______ meat. Bobby has _______ eggs.

         A. much; a lot of           B. many; a lot             C. many; a lot of

(    )(2)You can see a lot of _______ in the photo.

         A. child                  B. children                C. childs

(    )(3)At night, we shouldn’t eat _______. 

         A. so many                B. so much                C. many food

(    )(4)Billy usually eats _______. 

         A. a lot of                 B. lots of                  C. a lot

练习27：用much或many填空。

 (1) There are ________ trees in the forest.

(2) Please don’t drive too ________.

(3) There is not ________ coal or oil on Earth.

(4) There is not ________ water.

(5)In _______ places, people don’t have enough water to drink.

(6)There is _______ milk in the bottle.

(7)Don’t use too _______ plastic.

(8)We shouldn’t use too ________ plastic bags.   【易错题】

二十一、use…to

这个短语的意思是“使用……(做)……”时，to后面常接动词原形。

典例4：We can use wood _________ (make) tables and chairs.

       解析：表示“使用……(做)……”常用短语“use…to…”。

二十二、一般将来时：be going to

be going to是将来时的一种结构，它后面要接动词原形，用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有“准备；打算”的意思。往往与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next week等。

1.肯定句：主语+be going to+动词原形+其他.

2.否定句：主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他.

3.一般疑问句：Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他？

4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他？

练习28：用所给词的适当形式填空。

 (1)Lily and Lucy ___________________ (make) some cakes tomorrow.

(2)Tomorrow, he ___________________ (play) football with me.

(3)What ________ (be) you going to ________ (buy) next week?

(4)They _________ (be) going ________ (watch) fireworks together.

(5)It __________________ (be) Chinese New Year next Friday.  【易错题】

 (6)Mr Wang _______________ (go) to Hong Kong next month. 【易错题】

 (7)—When _______ you __________________ (have) a picnic? —Tomorrow.

练习29：按要求完成句子。

(1)He is going to Shanghai next week. (对画线部分提问)

_________ _________ he _________ next week?

(2)I’m going to buy some delicious food. (改为一般疑问句)   【易错题】

   _________ ________ going to buy _________ delicious food?

(3)She often watches films at weekends. (用next week改写)

    She ________ ________ _________ _________ a film next week.

(4)They are going to watch fireworks. (对画线部分提问)

   ________ ________ they going to _________?

答案:

典例1：chatted

练习1：(1)lived   (2)showed   (3)studied   (4)turned   (5)walked   (6)played

典例2：flies

练习2：by; every day

练习3：(1)were   (2)was   (3)wasn’t   (4)was; is   (5)stayed

练习4：(1)listened   (2)doctors were

练习5：(1)What an exciting   (2)What beautiful

练习6：(1)rainy   (2)sun; sunny   (3)raining; rainy   (4)cloudy; windy  

(5)rainy; rained   (6)cloudy; clouds

练习7：(1)caught   (2)met   (3)brought   (4)became   (5)taught   (6)knew

        (7)said   (8)could   (9)liked   (10)made   (11)wore   (12)found

练习8：(1)went   (2)wore   (3)read   (4)watched   (5)came; brought   (6)ate

练习9：(1)were   (2)were   (3)was   (4)were   (5)was   (6)was

练习10：(1)were; last year   (2)weren’t any

典例3：the matter with

练习11：(1)Did your; go   (2)Did; fly kites; No; didn’t   (3)Did; catch any

   (4)Did; invite; to; Yes; she did

练习12：(1)A   (2)B   (3)C  (4)C   (5)A

练习13：(1)B   (2)C   (3)D   (4)A

练习14：(1)B   (2)B   (3)A   (4)C

练习15：(1)ride   (2)couldn’t; or   (3)make; could   (4)write; draw

练习16：(1)Could you   (2)What could; do

练习17：B; also

练习18：too

练习19：(1)B   (2)C   (3)A   (4)B

练习20：(1)B   (2)B

练习21：(1)littering; litter   (2)smoke; smoking   (3)swimming   (4)don’t [来源:学科网ZXXK]

  (5)careful

练习22：(1)does; mean; means; park   (2)do; mean

练习23：What does; mean

练习24：(1)What can; keep; clean   (2)keep; open

练习25：(1)B   (2)A

练习26：(1)A   (2)B   (3)B   (4)C

练习27：(1)many   (2)much   (3)much   (4)much   (5)many   (6)much

   (7)much   (8)many

典例4：to make

练习28： (1)are going to make   (2)is going to play  (3)are; buy   (4)are; to watch

         (5)is going to be   (6)is going   (7)are/will; going to have/have

练习29：(1)Where is; going   (2)Are you; any   (3)is going to watch  

(4)What are; do